Research & Publications

Research & Publications

Real spaces.
Measurable insight.

Journal articles and conference presentations by Dr. Howook “Sean” Chang and collaborators, exploring indoor environmental quality in hospitality—from guestroom noise to the particles we cannot see.

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2026

Hotel guestrooms · Ventilation & sleep

Conference presentation · Extended abstract

Making the Invisible Visible: Sleep-Period Indoor Air Quality in Guestrooms of a Five-Star Conference Hotel

Low particle levels do not necessarily mean sufficient fresh air for sleeping guests.

Chang, H., Seo, W., Shim, C., & Pimentel, A. (2026).
24th APacCHRIE Conference · Osaka, Japan · May 28–31, 2026.
Presented as a stand-up presentation.

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Across four guestrooms and 12 room-nights at a five-star conference hotel in Chiang Mai, fine-particle concentrations remained low, while overnight CO₂ varied substantially. The triple-occupancy room exceeded 800 ppm throughout the recorded sleep periods, compared with no exceedances in the larger single-occupancy room. The findings highlight the importance of assessing overnight ventilation under realistic occupancy. Sleep quality was not measured, and room differences prevent attributing the results to occupancy alone.

Read extended abstract & charts →
2025

Noise & tranquility

Sounds of Serenity: Understanding the Relationship Between Guestroom Noise Levels and Guest Valuations of Tranquility in Hotel Stays

How quiet are hotel rooms—and how much do guests value tranquility?

Chang, H. S., Huh, C., Lee, M. J., & Noh, J. (2025). International Journal of Tourism Research, 27(5), e70126.

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This two-part study combines overnight noise measurements in three hotel settings with an investigation of guests’ willingness to pay for noise control. Average levels over ten hours ranged from 32.5 dB(A) in a suburban hotel to 36.6 dB(A) in an urban setting and 42 dB(A) near an interstate. The guest study found differences in noise perception by age and greater willingness among noise-averse groups to pay a 10% premium for a noise-controlled room. The findings suggest opportunities to treat acoustic comfort as part of the guest experience.

View journal article & abstract ↗DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70126
2021

Restaurants & commercial kitchens

Why Cleaning the Invisible in Restaurants is Important during COVID-19: A Case Study of Indoor Air Quality of an Open-Kitchen Restaurant

Looking beyond visible cleanliness to cooking-related particles in the dining room.

Chang, H., Capuozzo, B., Okumus, B., & Cho, M. (2021). International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102854.

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A week of field monitoring examined particulate matter in an open-kitchen, full-service restaurant. Indoor PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ concentrations were elevated even while outdoor conditions were comparatively favorable, drawing attention to cooking as an indoor pollution source. Written in the context of COVID-19, the article discusses implications for restaurant workers and diners and recommends monitoring and preventive measures. Its central operational message is that visible sanitation alone does not describe indoor air quality; cooking emissions and ventilation also deserve attention.

View journal article & abstract ↗DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102854
2020

Hotel guestrooms & particulate matter

Exploring Particulate Matter Pollution in Hotel Guestrooms

What changes in guestroom air when people move, shower, or clean?

Chang, H., Huh, C., Legendre, T., & Simpson, J. (2020). International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(3), 1131–1162.

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Field tests compared particulate matter in occupied and unoccupied US hotel guestrooms using professional monitoring equipment. Concentrations were generally low in empty rooms and while guests slept, but rose during activities such as walking, showering, and housekeeping. Cleaning produced particularly high, often brief peaks, reaching 1,665.9 µg/m³ for PM₁₀ and 140.4 µg/m³ for PM₂.₅ in the reported observations. The study highlights the importance of considering everyday activity and housekeeping practices when evaluating indoor air quality for guests and employees.

View journal article & abstract ↗DOI: 10.1108/IJCHM-05-2019-0481

The expandable summaries are plain-language descriptions. Journal entries link to their original abstracts and access options through DOI links. Conference entries link to extended abstracts and findings hosted on this website.

Research & collaboration

Keep the inquiry moving.

Interested in field research, academic collaboration, or applying these insights to your indoor environment?

Contact Dr. Chang ↗