{"id":35,"date":"2026-10-16T00:13:29","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T00:13:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/?page_id=35"},"modified":"2026-10-16T19:38:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T19:38:57","slug":"research-publications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/?page_id=35","title":{"rendered":"Research &#038; Publications"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\nbody:has(.ieq-publications){background:#f6f5f0}\nbody:has(.ieq-publications) main>.wp-block-group:has(.wp-block-post-title){display:none}\nbody:has(.ieq-publications) .wp-site-blocks{padding:0}\nbody:has(.ieq-publications) .wp-site-blocks>header,body:has(.ieq-publications) .wp-site-blocks>footer,body:has(.ieq-publications) .wp-block-post-title{display:none}\nbody:has(.ieq-publications) .wp-site-blocks>main,body:has(.ieq-publications) .entry-content{margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\nbody:has(.ieq-publications) 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.citation{font-size:14px;color:#405a73;line-height:1.7;margin:18px 0}.ieq-publications details{background:#f3faff;border:1px solid #d9eaf4;border-radius:5px;margin:22px 0}.ieq-publications summary{cursor:pointer;padding:16px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;color:#075da4}.ieq-publications details p{padding:0 20px 20px;font-size:15px;color:#405a73}.ieq-publications .pub-note{font-size:12px;color:#526b7e;margin-top:24px;max-width:850px}.ieq-publications .doi{display:block;font-size:12px;margin-top:12px;overflow-wrap:anywhere;color:#405a73}.ieq-publications summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #0767b4;outline-offset:3px}@media(max-width:650px){.ieq-publications .publication{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}.ieq-publications .pub-year{font-size:28px}.ieq-publications .pub-topic{display:inline;margin-left:16px}.ieq-publications .pub-hero{padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:40px}}<\/style><style>.ieq-publications .pub-kind{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#087d37;margin-bottom:16px}.ieq-publications .study-filters{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;border:0;margin:25px 0 0;padding:0}.ieq-publications .study-filters legend{font-size:13px;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:12px}.ieq-publications .study-filters label{padding:8px 14px;border:1px solid #bfdce7;border-radius:25px;font-size:13px;cursor:pointer}.ieq-publications .study-filters input{accent-color:#0767b4;margin-right:7px}.ieq-publications .study-filters label:has(input:checked){background:#edf8ff;border-color:#0767b4;color:#075da4}.ieq-publications .pub-list:has(#filter-journal:checked) .conference-study{display:none}.ieq-publications .pub-list:has(#filter-conference:checked) .journal-study{display:none}<\/style><div class=\"ieq-publications\"><header class=\"wrap nav\"><a class=\"brand-logo\" href=\"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/\" aria-label=\"IEQ InSight Consulting home\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-22-2026-01_06_40-AM.png\" alt=\"IEQ InSight Consulting \u2014 Turning the invisible into actionable insight.\"><\/a><nav class=\"links\" aria-label=\"Main navigation\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/\">Home<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/#consulting\">Consulting<\/a><a href=\"#publications\" aria-current=\"page\">Research<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/#contact\">Connect \u2197<\/a><\/nav><\/header><section class=\"pub-hero\"><div class=\"wrap\"><p class=\"eyebrow\">Research &amp; Publications<\/p><h1>Real spaces.<br>Measurable <em>insight.<\/em><\/h1><p class=\"pub-lead\">Journal articles and conference presentations by Dr. Howook \u201cSean\u201d Chang and collaborators, exploring indoor environmental quality in hospitality\u2014from guestroom noise to the particles we cannot see.<\/p><nav class=\"topic-nav\" aria-label=\"Research topics\"><a href=\"#study-2025\">Noise &amp; tranquility<\/a><a href=\"#study-2021\">Restaurant air quality<\/a><a href=\"#study-2020\">Guestroom particles<\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><main class=\"wrap pub-list\" id=\"publications\"><fieldset class=\"study-filters\"><legend>Browse by publication type<\/legend><label><input id=\"filter-all\" type=\"radio\" name=\"publication-type\" checked>All studies<\/label><label><input id=\"filter-journal\" type=\"radio\" name=\"publication-type\">Journal articles<\/label><label><input id=\"filter-conference\" type=\"radio\" name=\"publication-type\">Conference presentations<\/label><\/fieldset><article class=\"publication conference-study\" id=\"study-2026\"><div><div class=\"pub-year\">2026<\/div><p class=\"pub-topic\">Hotel guestrooms \u00b7 Ventilation &amp; sleep<\/p><\/div><div><p class=\"pub-kind\">Conference presentation \u00b7 Extended abstract<\/p><h2>Making the Invisible Visible: Sleep-Period Indoor Air Quality in Guestrooms of a Five-Star Conference Hotel<\/h2><p class=\"pub-question\">Low particle levels do not necessarily mean sufficient fresh air for sleeping guests.<\/p><p class=\"citation\">Chang, H., Seo, W., Shim, C., &amp; Pimentel, A. (2026).<br><em>24th APacCHRIE Conference<\/em> \u00b7 Osaka, Japan \u00b7 May 28\u201331, 2026.<br>Presented as a stand-up presentation.<\/p><details><summary>Read study summary<\/summary><p>Across four guestrooms and 12 room-nights at a five-star conference hotel in Chiang Mai, fine-particle concentrations remained low, while overnight CO\u2082 varied substantially. The triple-occupancy room exceeded 800 ppm throughout the recorded sleep periods, compared with no exceedances in the larger single-occupancy room. The findings highlight the importance of assessing overnight ventilation under realistic occupancy. Sleep quality was not measured, and room differences prevent attributing the results to occupancy alone.<\/p><\/details><a class=\"btn primary\" href=\"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/?page_id=40\">Read extended abstract &amp; charts \u2192<\/a><\/div><\/article><article class=\"publication journal-study\" id=\"study-2025\"><div><div class=\"pub-year\">2025<\/div><p class=\"pub-topic\">Noise &#038; tranquility<\/p><\/div><div><h2>Sounds of Serenity: Understanding the Relationship Between Guestroom Noise Levels and Guest Valuations of Tranquility in Hotel Stays<\/h2><p class=\"pub-question\">How quiet are hotel rooms\u2014and how much do guests value tranquility?<\/p><p class=\"citation\">Chang, H. S., Huh, C., Lee, M. J., &amp; Noh, J. (2025). <em>International Journal of Tourism Research<\/em>, 27(5), e70126.<\/p><details><summary>Read study summary<\/summary><p>This two-part study combines overnight noise measurements in three hotel settings with an investigation of guests\u2019 willingness to pay for noise control. Average levels over ten hours ranged from 32.5 dB(A) in a suburban hotel to 36.6 dB(A) in an urban setting and 42 dB(A) near an interstate. The guest study found differences in noise perception by age and greater willingness among noise-averse groups to pay a 10% premium for a noise-controlled room. The findings suggest opportunities to treat acoustic comfort as part of the guest experience.<\/p><\/details><a class=\"btn primary\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jtr.70126\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View journal article &amp; abstract \u2197<\/a><span class=\"doi\">DOI: 10.1002\/jtr.70126<\/span><\/div><\/article><article class=\"publication journal-study\" id=\"study-2021\"><div><div class=\"pub-year\">2021<\/div><p class=\"pub-topic\">Restaurants &#038; commercial kitchens<\/p><\/div><div><h2>Why Cleaning the Invisible in Restaurants is Important during COVID-19: A Case Study of Indoor Air Quality of an Open-Kitchen Restaurant<\/h2><p class=\"pub-question\">Looking beyond visible cleanliness to cooking-related particles in the dining room.<\/p><p class=\"citation\">Chang, H., Capuozzo, B., Okumus, B., &amp; Cho, M. (2021). <em>International Journal of Hospitality Management<\/em>, 94, 102854.<\/p><details><summary>Read study summary<\/summary><p>A week of field monitoring examined particulate matter in an open-kitchen, full-service restaurant. Indoor PM\u2081\u2080 and PM\u2082.\u2085 concentrations were elevated even while outdoor conditions were comparatively favorable, drawing attention to cooking as an indoor pollution source. Written in the context of COVID-19, the article discusses implications for restaurant workers and diners and recommends monitoring and preventive measures. Its central operational message is that visible sanitation alone does not describe indoor air quality; cooking emissions and ventilation also deserve attention.<\/p><\/details><a class=\"btn primary\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhm.2020.102854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View journal article &amp; abstract \u2197<\/a><span class=\"doi\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.ijhm.2020.102854<\/span><\/div><\/article><article class=\"publication journal-study\" id=\"study-2020\"><div><div class=\"pub-year\">2020<\/div><p class=\"pub-topic\">Hotel guestrooms &#038; particulate matter<\/p><\/div><div><h2>Exploring Particulate Matter Pollution in Hotel Guestrooms<\/h2><p class=\"pub-question\">What changes in guestroom air when people move, shower, or clean?<\/p><p class=\"citation\">Chang, H., Huh, C., Legendre, T., &amp; Simpson, J. (2020). <em>International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management<\/em>, 32(3), 1131\u20131162.<\/p><details><summary>Read study summary<\/summary><p>Field tests compared particulate matter in occupied and unoccupied US hotel guestrooms using professional monitoring equipment. Concentrations were generally low in empty rooms and while guests slept, but rose during activities such as walking, showering, and housekeeping. Cleaning produced particularly high, often brief peaks, reaching 1,665.9 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 for PM\u2081\u2080 and 140.4 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 for PM\u2082.\u2085 in the reported observations. The study highlights the importance of considering everyday activity and housekeeping practices when evaluating indoor air quality for guests and employees.<\/p><\/details><a class=\"btn primary\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJCHM-05-2019-0481\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View journal article &amp; abstract \u2197<\/a><span class=\"doi\">DOI: 10.1108\/IJCHM-05-2019-0481<\/span><\/div><\/article><p class=\"pub-note\">The expandable summaries are plain-language descriptions. Journal entries link to their original abstracts and access options through DOI links. Conference entries link to extended abstracts and findings hosted on this website.<\/p><\/main><section class=\"contact\"><div class=\"wrap section\"><p class=\"eyebrow\">Research &amp; collaboration<\/p><h2>Keep the inquiry moving.<\/h2><p>Interested in field research, academic collaboration, or applying these insights to your indoor environment?<\/p><p><a class=\"text-link\" href=\"mailto:drChang@ieqinsight.com\">Contact Dr. Chang \u2197<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/section><footer class=\"wrap foot\"><span>\u00a9 2026 IEQ InSight Consulting<\/span><span>Visualizing the invisible.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/\">Return home \u2191<\/a><\/footer><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HomeConsultingResearchConnect \u2197 Research &amp; Publications Real spaces.Measurable insight. Journal articles and conference presentations by Dr. Howook \u201cSean\u201d Chang and collaborators, exploring indoor environmental quality in hospitality\u2014from guestroom noise to the particles we cannot see. Noise &amp; tranquilityRestaurant air qualityGuestroom particles Browse by publication type All studiesJournal articlesConference presentations 2026 Hotel guestrooms \u00b7 Ventilation &amp; sleep [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42,"href":"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35\/revisions\/42"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ieqinsight.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}